Analisis Spasial Ketersediaan Lahan Potensial untuk Pengembangan Jagung (Zea mays L.) di Bagian Utara Provinsi Bengkulu
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Abstract
Ketersediaan informasi spasial lahan potensial menjadi faktor penting dalam mendukung pengembangan jagung secara berkelanjutan. Di Provinsi Bengkulu, khususnya Kabupaten Muko-Muko, Bengkulu Utara, dan Bengkulu Tengah, informasi kesesuaian lahan untuk budidaya jagung masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketersediaan lahan potensial secara spasial serta menentukan lokasi prioritas pengembangan jagung. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis melalui metode overlay berbobot dan matching berdasarkan kelas kesesuaian lahan S1 (sangat sesuai), S2 (cukup sesuai), S3 (sesuai marginal), dan N (tidak sesuai). Data yang digunakan meliputi peta administrasi, kemiringan lereng, status kawasan, izin usaha pertambangan, jenis tanah, dan curah hujan, serta data lapangan berupa drainase, tekstur tanah, kedalaman efektif, bahan kasar, batuan permukaan, dan pH tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas lahan potensial untuk pengembangan jagung mencapai 2.471,36 ha dengan dominasi kelas kesesuaian aktual S2 (cukup sesuai). Faktor pembatas utama pada seluruh jenis tanah adalah curah hujan (tc), sedangkan faktor pembatas lain yang spesifik meliputi kondisi drainase (rc) pada Alfisols, Inceptisol dan oxisols, serta retensi hara (nr) pada Oxisols. Secara umum, karakteristik media perakaran, tekstur, kedalaman tanah, dan kemiringan lereng tergolong sesuai (S1), namun keterbatasan iklim dan sifat kimia tanah menjadi kendala utama dalam optimalisasi produksi jagung. Sebaran lahan potensial cenderung berada pada wilayah dengan kondisi topografi relatif landai. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya perbaikan pengelolaan air dan kesuburan tanah menjadi kunci dalam meningkatkan kelas kesesuaian lahan.
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How to Cite
Taqiyyuddin, T., Sulistyo, B., & Prawito, P. (2026). Analisis Spasial Ketersediaan Lahan Potensial untuk Pengembangan Jagung (Zea mays L.) di Bagian Utara Provinsi Bengkulu. Agroteknika, 9(2), 167-181. https://doi.org/10.55043/agroteknika.v9i2.647
References
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Morán-Alonso, N., Viedma-Guiard, A., Simón-Rojo, M., & Córdoba-Hernández, R. (2025). Agricultural Land Suitability Analysis for Land Use Planning: The Case of the Madrid Region. Land, 14(1), 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14010134
Mulyani, A., Mulyanto, B., Barus, B., Panuju, D. R., & Husnain. (2023). Potential Land Reserves for Agriculture in Indonesia: Suitability and Legal Aspect Supporting Food Sufficiency. Land, 12(5), 970. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12050970
Muryono, S., & Utami, W. (2020). Pemetaan potensi lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan guna mendukung ketahanan pangan. BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria Dan Pertanahan, 6(2), 201–218. https://jurnalbhumi.stpn.ac.id/index.php/JB/article/view/431
Nofal, M., Muktamar, Z., Sudjatmiko, S., Yuwana, & Chozin, M. (2022). Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) untuk Menganalisis Kemampuan Lahan di Kabupaten Musi Rawas Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. NATURALIS-Jurnal Penelitian Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan, 11(2), 199–207. https://doi.org/10.31186/naturalis.11.2.24175
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Nurpita, A., Wihastuti, L., & Andjani, I. Y. (2018). Dampak Alih Fungsi Lahan Terhadap Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Tani di Kecamatan Temon Kabupaten Kulon Progro. Jurnal Gama Societa, 1(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.22146/jgs.34055
Prates, A. R., Kawakami, K. C., Coscione, A. R., Filho, M. C. M. T., Arf, O., Abreu-Junior, C. H., ..., & Nogueira, T. A. R. (2022). Composted Sewage Sludge Sustains High Maize Productivity on an Infertile Oxisol in the Brazilian Cerrado. Land, 11(8), 1246. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11081246
Sari, L. N., Budiyanto, S., & Purbajanti, E. D. (2024). Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan Kecamatan Karangmalang Kabupaten Sragen Jawa Tengah untuk pengembangan tanaman pangan. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 26(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.31186/jipi.26.1.61-71
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Silahooy, C. (2024). Effect of Phosphate Fertilization and Liming on Ultisol Soil on Dry Corn Seed Yield (Zea mays L.) and Soybeans (Glycine max L. (Merr)). East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(9), 4039–4050. https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v3i9.10294
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Sperandio, H. V., de Morais, M. S., de Jesus França, L. C., Mucida, D. P., Santana, R. C., da Silva, R. S., ..., & Gorgens, E. B. (2025). Land suitability modeling integrating geospatial data and artificial intelligence. Agricultural Systems, 223, 104197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104197
Subroto, G., & Witjaksono, A. (2022). Prediksi spasial kawasan pertanian berkelanjutan di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Region: Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah Dan Perencanaan Partisipatif, 17(2), 282. https://doi.org/10.20961/region.v17i2.50966
Sun, Q., Sun, W., Zhao, Z., Jiang, W., Zhang, P., Sun, X., & Xue, Q. (2023). Soil Compaction and Maize Root Distribution under Subsoiling Tillage in a Wheat–Maize Double Cropping System. Agronomy, 13(2), 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020394
Tandzi, L. N., Mutengwa, C. S., Ngonkeu, E. L. M., & Gracen, V. (2018). Breeding Maize for Tolerance to Acidic Soils: A Review. Agronomy, 8(6), 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8060084
Tashayo, B., Honarbakhsh, A., Akbari, M., & Eftekhari, M. (2020). Land suitability assessment for maize farming using a GIS-AHP method for a semi- arid region, Iran. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 19(5), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2020.03.003
Wahyuni, R. (2025). Implementasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) untuk Pemetaan dan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam di Kawasan Pertanian. Journal Of Human and Education (JAHE), 5(1), 545–550. https://doi.org/10.31004/jh.v5i1.2227
Wang, X., Zhou, B., Sun, X., Yue, Y., Ma, W., & Zhao, M. (2015). Soil Tillage Management Affects Maize Grain Yield by Regulating Spatial Distribution Coordination of Roots, Soil Moisture and Nitrogen Status. PLOS ONE, 10(6), e0129231. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129231
Werner, T. T., Toumbourou, T., Maus, V., Lukas, M. C., Sonter, L. J., Muhdar, M., ..., & Bebbington, A. (2024). Patterns of infringement, risk, and impact driven by coal mining permits in Indonesia. Ambio, 53(2), 242–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-023-01944-y
Wezel, A., Steinmüller, N., & Friederichsen, J. R. (2002). Slope position effects on soil fertility and crop productivity and implications for soil conservation in upland northwest Vietnam. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 91(1–3), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00242-0
Zhang, X., Lv, Y., Dai, H., Kong, Y., Wang, Y., & Liu, K. (2025). Increasing Topsoil Depth Improves Yield and Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Maize. Agronomy, 15(9), 2160. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15092160
Ali, A., Usman, A., & Adejo, B. (2021). Suitability Assessment of Soils of Selected Areas of Benue State, Nigeria, for Maize Production and their Management Implications. Journal of Current Opinion in Crop Science, 2(1), 110–117. https://doi.org/10.62773/jcocs.v2i1.43
Ansar, A., Murad, M., Putra, G. M. D., & Hartuti, H. (2020). Pemetaan lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Lombok Timur menggunakan sistem informasi geografis (SIG). Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering), 9(2), 140–152. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v9i2.140-148
Czarnecka, D., Czubacka, A., Agacka-Mołdoch, M., Trojak-Goluch, A., & Księżak, J. (2022). The Occurrence of Fungal Diseases in Maize in Organic Farming Versus an Integrated Management System. Agronomy, 12(3), 558. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030558
Du, G., Guo, T., & Ma, C. (2022). Effects of Topographic Factors on Cultivated-Land Ridge Orientation in the Black Soil Region of Songnen Plain. Land, 11(9), 1489. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11091489
Fang, J., & Su, Y. (2019). Effects of Soils and Irrigation Volume on Maize Yield, Irrigation Water Productivity, and Nitrogen Uptake. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 7740. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41447-z
Feng, P., Wang, B., Harrison, M. T., Wang, J., Liu, K., Huang, M., ..., & Hu, K. (2022). Soil properties resulting in superior maize yields upon climate warming. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 42(5), 85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-022-00818-z
Gao, P. J., Abbas, H., Li, F. Q., Tang, G. R., Lv, J. Z., & Zhou, X. B. (2024). Effect of planting methods and tillage practices on soil health and maize productivity. Frontiers in Plant Science, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1436011
Hao, W., Hu, X., Wu, G., Zhang, Z., Cai, M., Zhou, H., & Liu, X. (2025). The impact of plot size and farm size on crop production: Evidence from mechanization and labor input perspectives. Energy Nexus, 19, 100530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2025.100530
Huang, R., & Hue, N. (2022). In Transition towards Organic Farming: Effects of Rock Phosphate, Coral Lime, and Green Manure on Soil Fertility of an Acid Oxisol and the Growth of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) Seedlings. Agriculture, 12(12), 2045. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122045
Kazemi, F., & Hosseinpour, N. (2022). GIS-based land-use suitability analysis for urban agriculture development based on pollution distributions. Land Use Policy, 123, 106426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106426
Li, S., Zhang, H., Chi, Q., Zhao, B., & Wang, P. (2025). Suitability Analysis of Crops for Sloping Farmland in Arid Sandy Regions with Traditional Farming Methods. Agronomy, 15(5), 1150. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15051150
Lu, L., Liu, X., Wang, K., Song, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, G., & Zhao, Y. (2025). Effects of contour reverse-slope terraces on maize growth and soil microbial community in Yunnan sloping farmland. Plant and Soil, 514(2), 2759–2778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07545-w
Ma, X., Zhao, Y., Zheng, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Sun, Y., ..., & Sun, N. (2025). Effect of Different Fertilization on Soil Fertility, Biological Activity, and Maize Yield in the Albic Soil Area of China. Plants, 14(5), 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14050810
Mendrofa, J. S., Zendrato, M. W., Halawa, N., Zalukhu, E. E., & Lase, N. K. (2024). Peran Teknologi dalam Meningkatkan Efisiensi Pertanian. Tumbuhan: Publikasi Ilmu Sosiologi Pertanian Dan Ilmu Kehutanan, 1(3), 01–12. https://doi.org/10.62951/tumbuhan.v1i3.111
Moisa, M. B., Tiye, F. S., Dejene, I. N., & Gemeda, D. O. (2022). Land suitability analysis for maize production using geospatial technologies in the Didessa watershed, Ethiopia. Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture, 6, 34–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aiia.2022.02.001
Morán-Alonso, N., Viedma-Guiard, A., Simón-Rojo, M., & Córdoba-Hernández, R. (2025). Agricultural Land Suitability Analysis for Land Use Planning: The Case of the Madrid Region. Land, 14(1), 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14010134
Mulyani, A., Mulyanto, B., Barus, B., Panuju, D. R., & Husnain. (2023). Potential Land Reserves for Agriculture in Indonesia: Suitability and Legal Aspect Supporting Food Sufficiency. Land, 12(5), 970. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12050970
Muryono, S., & Utami, W. (2020). Pemetaan potensi lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan guna mendukung ketahanan pangan. BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria Dan Pertanahan, 6(2), 201–218. https://jurnalbhumi.stpn.ac.id/index.php/JB/article/view/431
Nofal, M., Muktamar, Z., Sudjatmiko, S., Yuwana, & Chozin, M. (2022). Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) untuk Menganalisis Kemampuan Lahan di Kabupaten Musi Rawas Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. NATURALIS-Jurnal Penelitian Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan, 11(2), 199–207. https://doi.org/10.31186/naturalis.11.2.24175
Nugroho, A. P., Sunito, M. A., & Kinseng, R. A. (2025). Land Tenure Conflicts in Forest Areas of Muara Gembong, Bekasi Regency. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management), 15(3), 448. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.15.3.448
Nurpita, A., Wihastuti, L., & Andjani, I. Y. (2018). Dampak Alih Fungsi Lahan Terhadap Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga Tani di Kecamatan Temon Kabupaten Kulon Progro. Jurnal Gama Societa, 1(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.22146/jgs.34055
Prates, A. R., Kawakami, K. C., Coscione, A. R., Filho, M. C. M. T., Arf, O., Abreu-Junior, C. H., ..., & Nogueira, T. A. R. (2022). Composted Sewage Sludge Sustains High Maize Productivity on an Infertile Oxisol in the Brazilian Cerrado. Land, 11(8), 1246. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11081246
Sari, L. N., Budiyanto, S., & Purbajanti, E. D. (2024). Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan Kecamatan Karangmalang Kabupaten Sragen Jawa Tengah untuk pengembangan tanaman pangan. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 26(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.31186/jipi.26.1.61-71
Shafiani, F. (2020). Dampak kebijakan peningkatan produksi dan produktivitas jagung terhadap kawasan hutan di Provinsi NTB. Jurnal Analis Kebijakan, 4(1), 13–24. https://scholar.archive.org/work/kxizlp7sgvh6viltgonudp5p5y/access/wayback/http://jak.lan.go.id/index.php/jurnalpusaka/article/download/420/64
Silahooy, C. (2024). Effect of Phosphate Fertilization and Liming on Ultisol Soil on Dry Corn Seed Yield (Zea mays L.) and Soybeans (Glycine max L. (Merr)). East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(9), 4039–4050. https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v3i9.10294
Sishodia, R. P., Ray, R. L., & Singh, S. K. (2020). Applications of Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture: A Review. Remote Sensing, 12(19), 3136. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193136
Sperandio, H. V., de Morais, M. S., de Jesus França, L. C., Mucida, D. P., Santana, R. C., da Silva, R. S., ..., & Gorgens, E. B. (2025). Land suitability modeling integrating geospatial data and artificial intelligence. Agricultural Systems, 223, 104197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104197
Subroto, G., & Witjaksono, A. (2022). Prediksi spasial kawasan pertanian berkelanjutan di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Region: Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah Dan Perencanaan Partisipatif, 17(2), 282. https://doi.org/10.20961/region.v17i2.50966
Sun, Q., Sun, W., Zhao, Z., Jiang, W., Zhang, P., Sun, X., & Xue, Q. (2023). Soil Compaction and Maize Root Distribution under Subsoiling Tillage in a Wheat–Maize Double Cropping System. Agronomy, 13(2), 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020394
Tandzi, L. N., Mutengwa, C. S., Ngonkeu, E. L. M., & Gracen, V. (2018). Breeding Maize for Tolerance to Acidic Soils: A Review. Agronomy, 8(6), 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8060084
Tashayo, B., Honarbakhsh, A., Akbari, M., & Eftekhari, M. (2020). Land suitability assessment for maize farming using a GIS-AHP method for a semi- arid region, Iran. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 19(5), 332–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2020.03.003
Wahyuni, R. (2025). Implementasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) untuk Pemetaan dan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam di Kawasan Pertanian. Journal Of Human and Education (JAHE), 5(1), 545–550. https://doi.org/10.31004/jh.v5i1.2227
Wang, X., Zhou, B., Sun, X., Yue, Y., Ma, W., & Zhao, M. (2015). Soil Tillage Management Affects Maize Grain Yield by Regulating Spatial Distribution Coordination of Roots, Soil Moisture and Nitrogen Status. PLOS ONE, 10(6), e0129231. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129231
Werner, T. T., Toumbourou, T., Maus, V., Lukas, M. C., Sonter, L. J., Muhdar, M., ..., & Bebbington, A. (2024). Patterns of infringement, risk, and impact driven by coal mining permits in Indonesia. Ambio, 53(2), 242–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-023-01944-y
Wezel, A., Steinmüller, N., & Friederichsen, J. R. (2002). Slope position effects on soil fertility and crop productivity and implications for soil conservation in upland northwest Vietnam. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 91(1–3), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00242-0
Zhang, X., Lv, Y., Dai, H., Kong, Y., Wang, Y., & Liu, K. (2025). Increasing Topsoil Depth Improves Yield and Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Maize. Agronomy, 15(9), 2160. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15092160